Title IX is a law that prohibits discrimination based on sex regardless of gender, sexual orientation, gender, gender expression, pregnant or parenting status, and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) identity.  This law applies to universities as well as K-12 institutions in the US.

Under Title IX, discrimination on the basis of sex can include sexual harassment or sexual violence, such as rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, and sexual coercion.

If you are a student at a US university, you can report incidents of harassment to your Title IX office.  You do not need to be a US citizen to be protected.

• The Title IX Office is required to assess and respond to all complaints or reports they receive.
• You can report to the Title IX office at your university even if the incident occurred off campus.
• If an incident involves a professor from another US university, e.g. at a conference, you can report it to their Title IX office as well.
• Please be aware that Title IX does not guarantee confidentiality. Moreover, any person of authority at the university (such as a faculty member) may be required to report to the Title IX office any incident of harassment they are aware of. Therefore, if confidentiality is paramount, a student may wish to first seek guidance or advice from other campus or community resources (such as confidential advocates) which can offer full confidentiality and help the student determine next steps, including whether to contact a Title IX office or other person of authority at the institution.
• Check your local Title IX web pages for more precise information about how these issues are addressed at your university.

The NSF is in the process of implementing a new policy whereby institutions supported by NSF will be required to disclose when researchers are found to have violated policies or are put on leave pending investigation.

Beyond Universities

Most companies and research labs have human resource departments to which you can report harassment by one of their employees, whether you work there or not.

Resources

Know Your Rights: Title IX Prohibits Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence Where You Go to School (U.S. Department of Education)

Know Your Rights: Sexual harassment and Sexual Assault Under Title IX (American Assoc. of University Women)

New NSF Harassment Policy

US Science Agency Will Require Universities to Report Sexual Harassment (Nature)

Beyond Title IX: Guidelines for Preventing and Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Higher Education (Futures Without Violence)