CRA Government Affairs

The House Committee on Science and Technology held its first budget hearing of the year today with testimony from Dr. John Marburger, director of the President’s Office of Science and Technology Policy. The focus of the chairman and several of the committee members, including perennial science champion Rep. Vern Ehlers (R-MI), was on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and the decreases to NSF’s Education and Human Resources Directorate in recent years, along with some concern regarding NASA’s space exploration and aeronautics funding. The opening statements as well as a web cast of the hearing are available online.
The Committee and Dr. Marburger for the Administration seemed to be in agreement that the increased funding for NSF, NIST, and DoE Office of Science were important and that the American Competitiveness Initiative is important for America’s future innovation and competitiveness. However, the Administration and the Chairman seemed to diverge when it comes to priorities. The Administration priority is research funding and Chairman Gordon said that the education recommendations of the Gathering Storm report should be an equal priority. The Chairman repeatedly came back to the fact that, while the FY08 budget request increases funding to NSF’s EHR Directorate, that same Directorate’s funding has decreased by 50 percent in the last four years. He was also unimpressed with the Department of Education FY08 budget request in that he felt the STEM education funding should be at NSF.
You can see the entire hearing on the Committee’s web site.

As we noted yesterday, the National Science Foundation does quite well in the President’s FY 2008 Budget Request, slated to grow 6.8 percent over FY 2007 (or nearly $409 million) to $6.4 billion. That growth rate would continue NSF on the 10-year “doubling” trajectory originally set by the Administration as part of last year’s American Competitiveness Initiative. The news for the computing community that is so heavily reliant on NSF is equally good — both the Computing and Information Science and Engineering directorate and the Office of Cyberinfrastructure would see big gains in the President’s plan. Here are the details (brace for charts):

First, the macro level view of the agency:

As you can see, the great bulk of the Administration’s planned increase is aimed at the Research and Related Activities (R&RA) account, home of NSF’s research directorates. The agency’s education efforts — in the Education and Human Resources directorate — would also see an increase, though not nearly as robust as R&RA. Of particular interest to those of us in the computing community, NSF is using some of the increase provided by ACI on a new NSF-wide initiative called “Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation” (CDI) that aims to “broaden the Nation’s capability for innovation by developing a new generation of computationally based discovery concepts and tools to deal with complex, data-rich and interacting systems.” The $52 million initiative will be led by NSF’s CISE directorate (who will control $20 million of the funding), with participation from Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, Social, Behavioral and Economic science, Cyberinfrastructure, International Science, and EHR. The agency appears to have big plans for the initative, projecting out-year funding growing to $250 million in FY 2012 (with CISE hopefully maintaining a proportional share).

Drilling down a little further, here’s the Directorate by Directorate breakdown within R&RA:

The increases weren’t evenly distributed throughout the directorates. Of the research directorates, CISE would see the largest percentage increase. In fact, the 9 percent requested growth rate is the largest for the directorate in seven years. Here’s how CISE plans to spend the funding:

Deborah Crawford, the acting AD for CISE, highlighted a number of new programs the new funding — and funding freed up as the ITR program comes to an end — would allow the directorate to pursue. First is an emphasis on “Discovery Research for Innovation,” which includes these new efforts:

• High Risk, High Return Research ($50 million) — “Seeking Big Ideas in support of Grand Vision.” Programs in the area will focus on fundamental questions in computing, larger projects, and try to exploit the potential of emerging technologies.
• Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation ($20 million) — As detailed above, CISE will lead this NSF-wide effort, focusing on promoting computational thinking for problem solving.

In addition, CISE will continue its support for planning of the Global Environment for Networking Innovations with $20 million in funding for pre-construction planning. GENI was also included in the Foundation’s 2007 Facility plan as the first “Horizon” project — a step away from “Readiness Stage,” which would allow for extensive pre-construction planning. GENI is one of 10 projects listed as “Horizon” projects. (There’s just one project in the Readiness Stage in FY 2008 — the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope — and just one that is listed as a possible new start in FY 2008 (the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory)).

The budget also includes statistics on the number of awards and the funding rate estimates for the directorate in FY 06, 07 and 08. The directorate estimates it will fund fewer research grants in FY 07 than it did in FY 06 (950 in FY07 vs 1,003 in FY06), with a corresponding drop in funding rate (18 percent in FY07 vs 22 percent in FY06). For FY08, the directorate expects the number of research grants to grow to 1,000 and the funding rate to rise a bit to 20 percent.

Despite those figures, this is, overall, a very promising start for computing at NSF in FY 2008 — which, given NSF’s role in funding 87 percent of academic basic research in computing, makes it a good start for the field.

President Bush released his FY 2008 budget request today and it appears that, as promised, the Administration remains committed to the American Competitiveness Initiative and the doubling trajectory for three key science agencies begun in last year’s budget request. We’ve only just started digging into the budget documents — and we’ll be getting more in-depth agency briefings later this afternoon — but here are some of the top-level numbers: [Just a note, comparing some of these numbers to FY 2007 is a bit problematic because the final FY 2007 estimates aren’t in yet. So in all cases but Defense and Homeland Security, the comparison is to the President’s requested funding level for FY 2007, which, in most cases, is probably actually higher than the final FY 2007 level set by the CR is likely to be. Therefore, the increases shown for these agencies’ requests may actually be greater compared to the final FY 2007 numbers.]
National Science Foundation: Overall funding would rise to $6.429 billion in FY 2008, an increase of $409 million or 7 percent greater than the President’s FY 2007 budget request. NSF’s research accounts would grow $648 million over the FY 2007 request to $4.880 billion, an increase of 15 percent.
National Institute of Standards and Technology: (Intramural Research and Facilities) NIST’s core research and facilities accounts would grow to $586 million in FY 2008, an increase of $55 million or 10 percent over the President’s FY 2007 request.
Department of Energy, Office of Science: Increase to $4.398 billion, or $296 million or 7 percent greater than the President’s FY 2007 request.
Defense: Defense is trickier to figure out because it and Homeland Security are the only two agencies with enacted levels for FY 2007. In the President’s FY 2008 request, Defense basic and applied research would decline $1.110 billion vs. the FY 2007 enacted level to $5.785 billion, a 16 percent reduction. For Basic research (6.1), the Administration requests $1.428 billion, a reduction of $137 million from the FY 07 enacted level (9 percent) and just $7 million more than the President requested in FY 07. Applied research would fall to $4.357 billion under the President’s plan, $973 million (18 percent) lower than FY 07 enacted, and $121 million less than he requested in FY 07.
National Institutes of Health: The Administration plan would set NIH’s budget at $28.700 billion in FY 2008, $432 million more than the President’s FY 2007 request, but about $188 million short of the amount likely to be enacted in the FY 2007 CR.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA would see its research budget rise to $358 million in FY 2008 under the President’s plan, an increase of $20 million or 6 percent compared to his FY 2007 request. We have to do a bit more digging to see how this will compare with the CR level.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: NASA’s Science account would grow to $5.516 billion in FY 2008, $186 million or 3 percent greater than the President’s FY 2007 request.
Networking and Information Technology R&D Program: This is the cross-agency budget line for the NITRD program, one of just three interagency R&D efforts listed in the budget (the other two are the National Nanotechnology Initiative and the Climate Change Science Program). I’m hesitant to just put up the raw numbers here, because they always require some interpretation (see last year, for example), but the bottom line number is that the NITRD program would stay essentially flat at $3.057 billion in FY 2008, a $12 million increase over the President’s FY 2007 request (and the FY 2007 Defense enacted number). Slated for increases would be NSF’s NITRD activities, which would grow $90 million to $994 million, a 10 percent increase, and the Department of Energy and NASA, which would both increase by 4 percent. Defense IT R&D would suffer a 2 percent cut vs. the FY 2007 enacted level, and NIH would see a 14 percent decrease vs. the President’s FY 07 request. But it’s going to take a bit more investigating to figure out where NITRD really stands vs. FY 2007.
Just for comparison’s sake, the NNI would grow by 4 percent in FY 08 (to $1.447 billion) and the Climate Change Science Program would decline 7 percent to $1.544 billion.
We expect to have a lot more detail after the agency briefings this afternoon. We’ll post whatever we learn as soon as we can.
By the way, all the budget documents are perusable here.

It appears House and Senate appropriators have reached a final agreement on the “continuing resolution” for FY 2007 and it looks like good news for federal science agencies. For weeks now we (and the other members of the science community) have been concerned that FY 2007 appropriations debacle would freeze agencies like NSF, NIST, and DOE’s Office of Science at FY 2006 levels, postponing planned increases to the agencies called for in the President’s American Competitiveness Initiative and approved by the full House and the Senate Appropriations Committee. However, in a joint continuing resolution filed last night, the House and Senate Appropriations Committee chairs agreed to exempt NSF, NIST, and DOE Office of Science (and NIH additionally) from the CR and provide increases to each agency’s FY 2007 budget.
While the agencies won’t receive the full amounts they requested as part of ACI, each agency should receive significantly more than they received in FY 2006. Under the agreement, NSF’s research accounts would receive a 6 7.7 percent increase, slightly below the 7.8 percent matching the increase called for in the ACI, but $335 million more than FY 2006.* NIST would receive $50 million in additional funding for its core research budget. DOE Office of Science would see $200 million more than FY 06, plus the elimination of $127.8 million in earmarks that would then be available for competitive research. And NIH, while not officially part of the ACI and expecting flat-funding in FY 07, would see an increase of $619.5 million — which, according to the appropriations committee, would “support an additional 500 research project grants, 1,500 first time investigators, and expand funding for high risk and high-impact research.”
Given where we thought we might be as a result of the CR, this is great news. The agreement was announced by both House Appropriations Chair David Obey (D-WI) and Senate Appropriations Chair Robert Byrd (D-WV), so it’s a good bet that the bill will pass in its current form. The House will vote on the CR on Wednesday and the Senate will take it up soon after.
This is a big win for the science community. Protecting these increases for the federal investment in science in a resolution that cut more than 60 other domestic programs below FY 2006 levels sends a powerful signal that basic research is a national priority. Science was one of just a few priorities protected by Congressional Democrats in the bill — it joins federal highway programs, veteran’s health care, the FBI and local law enforcement, and Pell grant funding. The science community — along with its partners in industry — weighed in heavily in support of ACI funding, and its clear that advocacy had the desired effect. So thanks to all of you who joined with CRA as part of the Computing Research Advocacy Network to help make the case for science. It’s clear your voices were heard!
We’ll have more details as this bill moves towards final passage. Then it’s on to FY 2008, which just might be off to a good start.
Update: (5:50 pm, 1/31/07) — The House easily passed the measure today, unamended, by a vote of 286-140. The Senate should take up the resolution next week.
Update: (4:22 pm, 2/8/07) — * a closer look at the numbers actually in the resolution show that it only specifically calls out NSF’s R&RA account, increasing it $335 million over FY 2006 to $4.7 billion (matching the Administration’s request). It appears the remainder of NSF’s accounts aren’t addressed in the resolution and so they’ll stay at FY 06 levels.
The Senate is considering the resolution today. The Senate Democrats have apparently blocked any amendments to the resolution from Republicans (using some of the Senate’s arcane procedural techniques), so it’s likely it will pass in its current form.