On February 16, 2012, more than 150 federal officials, Congressional staffers, academic researchers, and industry leaders packed a room overlooking the United States Capitol to mark two decades of coordinated federal investment in networking and information technology research and development. The daylong symposium, titled “The Impact of NITRD: Two Decades of Game-Changing Breakthroughs in Networking and Information Technology—Expanding Possibilities Ahead,” explored progress and prospects in the field.